Ventilação Não Invasiva Em Pacientes Imunocomprometidos Com Insuficiência Respiratória Hipoxêmica Aguda: Revisão Integrativa

Objective: Respiratory insufficiency is the main cause of admission to intensive care units and the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an alternative for ventilatory support indicated for the treatment of respiratory distress in the intra-hospital services and home care. When considering the different employment possibilities of noninvasive ventilation and its complications, in this study, we aim to answer the question: What is the outcome of using NIV in immunocompromised patients? Method: This is an integrative review which consulted the databases LILACS, SCIELO, PUBMED and BIREME in the period from 2013 to 2017. The used keywords were: noninvasive ventilation, respiratory insufficiency, physiotherapy, immunocompromised host. Result: Nine articles were selected, five studies demonstrated a favorable outcome for the use of NIV, being most studies with HIV patients. The most used interface was a facial mask followed by the or onasal and nasal mask and in different ventilatory modes. Conclusion: Based on this integrative review, the evidence suggests that the NIV may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and intubation, considering this alternative viable in the treatment of immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.