Are women effective leaders?

After initially researching women superintendents in private schools, we discovered that a gross underrepresentation exists, and we wanted to understand why this phenomenon exists globally and more specifically in the city of Phoenix, Arizona, which is one of the top 5 growing cities in the United States of America. This case study research expands on the prior research conducted and published by Glass and Bjork for the 2000 study of the “American School Superintendency” for American Association of School Administrators (AASA). In this article, the authors examine the disparity of male versus female superintendents in public schools across the country expanding on theories such as the Glass Ceiling to add clarity to the social problem. Further, Gender in Management: An International Journal published authors recently such 1. Nessrin Shaya (2017) “Feminizing leadership in the Middle East: Emirate women empowerment and leadership style” 2. Dene Hurley (2015) “Factors influencing attainment to CEO position for women” that explore the varying perspective on the topic of women in leadership. 3. Diana Woods (2007) “Work life balancing strategies used by women managers in British “modern” universities” I confirm that this manuscript has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration by any other journal. I have approved the contents of this paper and have agreed to the submission policies. Additionally, each named author has substantially contributed to conducting the underlying research and drafting this manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, the named author have no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.