Marine pollution and its effect to the bio-diversity

Coastal and estuarine ecosystems have been, and still are, heavily influenced by the human species through pollution and habitat loss throughout the world. This coastal pollution and its impacts have resulted in a number of environmental issues including the enrichment of enclosed waters with organic matter leading to eutrophication, pollution by chemicals such as oil, and sedimentation due to land-based activities. Over Eighty per cent of all marine pollution originates from land-based sources which are primarily industrial, agricultural and urban. Pollution accompanies most kinds of human activities, including offshore oil and gas production and marine oil transportation. Most marine animals, particularly marine mammals and fish, are very sensitive to pollution. Decreased species diversity in whales and dolphins was related to an increase in heavy pollution. Many marine species have been shown to be impacted by various pollution to some degree. So, oceanic pollution must be managed both nationally and internationally in a precautionary way before irreversible damage to biodiversity and the marine ecosystem occurs.