Development and evaluation of a nitinol-based closure device for addressing patent ductus arteriosus in veterinary as well as human application: animal trials and histopathological analysis

The heart, a vital organ of the circulatory system, relies on various components to sustain life. The ductus arteriosus is crucial during foetal development as it ensures that oxygen-rich blood bypasses the lungs. However, if this channel fails to close after birth, it leads to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a congenital heart defect seen in mammalians. This research article focuses on the development and evaluation of an innovative nitinol PDA closure device designed to effectively block the patent ductus arteriosus. Surgeons performed a cardiac catheterization to implant the occluder of different sizes in three different dogs. As part of the study, the animals were systematically monitored at specific intervals, with radiographs and histopathologic examinations performed to assess the effectiveness of the occluder and its impact on overall cardiovascular health. The arteries with the implanted occluder in dogs were examined 90 days, 180 days and 365 days after implantation to allow a thorough histopathological analysis. Evaluation parameters included adequacy of size, compatibility and long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. This study yields valuable insights into innovative solutions for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in small dog breeds, with potential applications in human cases as well. The findings not only promise improvements in animal studies but also hold the prospect of enhancing the quality of life for affected animals. These results contribute to the progression of veterinary cardiovascular surgery, underscoring the significance of tailored interventions for congenital heart defects in companion animals. Simultaneously, the implications for human patients suggest a potential crossover benefit, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of such research.