Complications associated with orthognathic surgery: a systematic review

Orthognathic surgery aims to restore the balance between the face and the skull, favoring a significant improvement in masticatory, respiratory, phonetic and facial aesthetics. However, during and after the procedure, some complications can be observed in patients. The objective of this systematic review was to assess in the scientific literature the main complications associated with orthognathic surgery during the intra and postoperative period. A systematic literature review was performed using Science Direct, Embase, Cochrane Collaboration Library and PubMed/MEDLINE as databases. Studies related to complications of orthognathic surgery were selected. The search strategy provided a total of 3.262 studies. After screening by reading the titles and abstracts, 32 studies were considered potentially eligible and read in full by the evaluators. At the end of the analysis, nine articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Studies have shown that among the observed complications, neurological injuries were the most frequent, followed by the presence of hemorrhage during osteotomy, dental devitalization, bone fractures and infections.It is important to note that the psychological factor of patients must be taken into account, so that they feel satisfied with the aesthetics of their face after the surgery.