Compact circular polarization microstrip fractal antenna design for application in v2x communication in the 5.9 ghz band

In this work, the project of a compact circular polarization microstrip fractal antenna for on-board deployment is presented, developed for application in vehicle-to-all communication in the 5.9 GHz operating band. The fractal geometry used as a patch was generated in MATLAB™, from the coded implementation of the Lindenmayer system together with one conformal transformation. To feed the antenna, a proximity transmission line was employed, and to excited two orthogonal modes for circular polarization, a rectangular patch rotated at 45° with a truncated corner was inserted at the end of the transmission line. In addition, to reduce the project's dimensions and operating bandwidth, three antennas were designed with the dielectric substrates: FR-4, RO3006 and RO3010. All antenna design results were analyzed in ANSYS Designer™. Therefore, the microstrip fractal antenna designed with the material RO3010, got at the operating frequency 5.86 GHz, the axial ratio of 0.49 dB, and |S11| of –43.05, directional gain of 6.93 dBi and bandwidth of 255 MHz. The proposed antenna dimension has been reduced by up to approximately 70%, compared to some antennas found in literature. According to the results analyzed and presented, the antenna analyzed is a strong candidate for application in vehicle-to-all communication.