The effect of risk factors on transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis disease family members in baucau district in 2019

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is easily transmitted quickly through the air (droplet nuclei) when a tuberculosis patient coughs and the saliva containing the bacteria is inhaled by other people. According to the WHO report in 2017, around 1.3 million people died from tuberculosis, where the highest mortality rate in Asia occurred in Timor-Leste, namely 100/100 000 population with an incidence rate of 489/100 000 population. The discovery of new TB cases in Baucau Regency in 2017 was 329 and 518 new cases of tuberculosis in 2018, where pulmonary TB patients with positive Acid Resistant Bacillus cases have the potential to infect others. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of behavioral risk factors, home environment, and the number of family members with a history of tuberculosis (+) on the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in Baucau District. This type of research is analytic observational quantitatively with a Cross-Sectional approach, with a sample of 154 people. Data obtained by interview then analyzed by univariate and bivariate using Chi-Square test. The results of univariate data analysis showed that the influence of risk factors from behavior, environment, and family members with a history of tuberculosis (+) showed that 62.3% coughing did not cover the mouth, 74% expelled phlegm in any place, 54.5% did not open the window in the morning, 51% the floor does not meet the requirements, 29.2% of the occupancy density does not meet the requirements, 31.8% of the lighting does not meet the requirements, 32.5% of family members are suspected of tuberculosis and 21.4% are positive for tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the results of bivariate data analysis using the Chi-squared test showed that the three variables had a significant influence, namely behavioral risk factors with CI=95%, RP=2.775 (1,495–5,153), 2,775 risks of transmitting tuberculosis, home environment with CI=95%, RP = 1,619 (0.884 –2,964), the risk is 1,619 for transmitting tuberculosis and the number of family members with a positive history of TB CI=95% RP=4,315 (2,589 – 7,192), the risk is 4,315 for transmitting tuberculosis. It can be concluded that the risk factors of the behavior of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the home environment, and the number of family members with a positive history of tuberculosis (+) can contribute to the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis to others. So the suggestions that can be given are increasing public and family knowledge about tuberculosis, increasing disease prevention behavior, namely coughing and covering your mouth, removing phlegm in a safe place, health workers routinely carrying out screening activities, and immediately implementing preventive treatment programs for family members who are in contact with smear-positive tuberculosis patients and supervise patients who are DOTs.